Britain, the United States and the Netherlands issued a joint cybersecurity warning on Tuesday, detailing espionage programs that these countries say are being used by entities linked to the Iranian state to target dissidents, activists and journalists.

The National Cyber Security Centre in Britain said that Iranian entities linked to the state used a set of espionage programs known as (Chosen Break) to steal emails, messages and other sensitive information through "targeted phishing" campaigns on messaging platforms, including (WhatsApp) and (Telegram).