This is digital hallucination—a structural symptom inhabiting the architecture of large language models. It does not know as humans know, nor does it retain as memory retains, nor does it weigh issues on the scale of truth. It calculates the probability of the linguistic sequence most appropriate to the context. The more adorned and coherent the language becomes, the greater its power of persuasion. Rhetoric becomes an elaborate mask, and perhaps a drawn sword against the truth.
Perplexity doubles in the Arab space. Arab content on the World Wide Web does not exceed 1%. A vast sea of data, of which the Arabs' share is a thread of sand. Authenticated dictionaries, manuscripts, periodicals, biographical dictionaries, and peer-reviewed studies—many of them are imprisoned on shelves, or behind locked subscription doors, or unequipped for accurate machine reading. The generative model finds itself facing sparse nourishment, so it fills the void with guesswork, manufactures references out of thin air, and grants illusion a cloak of dignity.